【云+社区年度征文】测试MySQL主从复制中主库表缺失主键会导致主从延迟的情况
一、简介
二、环境准备
三、实验过程
3.1 主库创建表
3.2 主库做更新操作
3.3 分析主库的binlog日志
3.4 分析从库的中继日志
四、结论
一、简介
在这里,我们先简单概述一下复制逻辑:
1、主库将对数据库实例的变更记录到主库自身的binlog文件中。
2、主库会有binlog dump线程实时监测binlog的变更并将这些新的events事件推给从库(Master has sent all binlog to slave; waiting for more updates)
3、从库的IO Thread接收这些events,并将其写入从库relaylog中继日志。
4、从库的SQL Thread读取relaylog的events,并将这些events应用(或称为重放)到从库实例。
上述为默认的异步复制逻辑,半同步复制又有些许不同,此处不再赘述。
此外,判断从库有延迟是十分简单的一件事:在从库上通过SHOW SLAVE STATUS,检查Seconds_Behind_Master值即可获取主从复制延迟的秒数。
主从复制延迟,可能的原因有主库和从库方面:
① 主库写binlog不及时
参数sync_binlog控制binlog从内存写入磁盘的控制开关,5.6默认为0,从5.7开始默认为1。
sync_binlog=1:每次事务提交都立即刷新binlog到磁盘(双一标准中的其一)。
sync_binlog=0:每次事务提交不立即写入磁盘,靠操作系统判断什么时候写入。
磁盘IO不行,binlog写入比较慢。建议binlog使用ssd。
② dump线程压力大
从库越多,压力越大。
5.6以后开启了GTID功能,dump在传输时可以并发了。
5.7之后不开启GTID,也会有匿名的GTID。dump也可以并发传输。
但是,如果出现大事务比较多,锁等待,死锁严重的话,依然会有比较高的传输延时。
③ IO线程阻塞
大事务------ >拆成小事务
事务量大---->group commit
④ SQL线程慢(Classic replication)
1.默认只有一个SQL线程,从库中的事务都是一个一个来执行的
2.如果主库的并发事务数很多
3.大事务都会造成从库延时
5.6多线程复制(多sql线程),有局限性,针对不同库的事务进行并发,在有些情况下可以解决大事务问题,只能在主库方面,将大事务拆成小事务
默认情况下。只有一个SQL线程,所以说执行relay只能串行操作。
在5.6版本以后,GTID模式下,可以开启多个SQL线程并发回放relaylog。但是只能针对Database级别并行。
在5.7版本以后,GTID模式下,可以基于事务级别进行多SQL线程回放relaylog。
⑤ 表缺乏主键或唯一索引
binlog_format=row的情况下,如果表缺乏主键或唯一索引,在UPDATE、DELETE的时候可能会造成从库延迟骤增。此时Slave_SQL_Running_State为Reading event from the relay log。并且SHOW OPEN TABLES WHERE in_use=1的表一直存在。mysqld进程的cpu几近100%(无读业务时),io压力不大
主库产生的日志记在binlog里是row格式的,不是一条sql,而是这条sql所影响的具体值的修改。简单点:若主库没有主键,主库执行一条sql修改了10万行,只需要全表扫描一次,但是,备库就要执行10万条sql语句,全表扫描10万次。备库在回放binlog的时候回放的是一行一行更新的sql,从库只能使用全表扫描来同步,所以会比较耗时,导致延迟。
导致MySQL主从复制延迟的原因有很多,其中一个原因就是大表缺失主键或唯一索引。
今天我们就通过实验的方式来验证这种情况。
二、环境准备
主库:IP为192.168.68.168,端口3306,版本为8.0.20
从库:IP为192.168.68.168,端口3306,版本为8.0.20
- [root@docker35 ~]# docker ps
- CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
- ebe3b62a2358 mysql:8.0.20 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 8 days ago Up 8 days 33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3319->3306/tcp mysql8020S1
- 76140b04e2fd mysql:8.0.20 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 8 days ago Up 8 days 33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3318->3306/tcp mysql8020M1
-
-
- -- 主库
- MySQL [lhrdb1]> show slave hosts;
- +-----------+------+------+-----------+--------------------------------------+
- | Server_id | Host | Port | Master_id | Slave_UUID |
- +-----------+------+------+-----------+--------------------------------------+
- | 80203319 | | 3306 | 80203318 | e12dfcd2-1e40-11eb-b2f0-0242c0a844a9 |
- +-----------+------+------+-----------+--------------------------------------+
-
- MySQL [lhrdb1]> show variables like '%binlog_format%';
- +---------------+-------+
- | Variable_name | Value |
- +---------------+-------+
- | binlog_format | ROW |
- +---------------+-------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
-
-
- -- 从库
- MySQL [(none)]> show slave status\\G;
- *************************** 1. row ***************************
- Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
- Master_Host: 192.168.68.168
- Master_User: repl
- Master_Port: 3306
- Connect_Retry: 60
- Master_Log_File: mysql8020M1-bin.000007
- Read_Master_Log_Pos: 19665393
- Relay_Log_File: mysql8020S1-relay-bin.000008
- Relay_Log_Pos: 19665620
- Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql8020M1-bin.000007
- Slave_IO_Running: Yes
- Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
- Replicate_Do_DB:
- Replicate_Ignore_DB: information_schema,performance_schema,mysql,sys
- Replicate_Do_Table:
- Replicate_Ignore_Table:
- Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
- Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
- Last_Errno: 0
- Last_Error:
- Skip_Counter: 0
- Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 19665393
- Relay_Log_Space: 19665928
- Until_Condition: None
- Until_Log_File:
- Until_Log_Pos: 0
- Master_SSL_Allowed: No
- Master_SSL_CA_File:
- Master_SSL_CA_Path:
- Master_SSL_Cert:
- Master_SSL_Cipher:
- Master_SSL_Key:
- Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
- Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
- Last_IO_Errno: 0
- Last_IO_Error:
- Last_SQL_Errno: 0
- Last_SQL_Error:
- Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
- Master_Server_Id: 80203318
- Master_UUID: dcccf122-1e40-11eb-8ca0-0242c0a844a8
- Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info
- SQL_Delay: 0
- SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
- Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
- Master_Retry_Count: 86400
- Master_Bind:
- Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
- Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
- Master_SSL_Crl:
- Master_SSL_Crlpath:
- Retrieved_Gtid_Set: dcccf122-1e40-11eb-8ca0-0242c0a844a8:20-160037
- Executed_Gtid_Set: dcccf122-1e40-11eb-8ca0-0242c0a844a8:1-160037
- Auto_Position: 1
- Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
- Channel_Name:
- Master_TLS_Version:
- Master_public_key_path:
- Get_master_public_key: 0
- Network_Namespace:
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
三、实验过程
3.1 主库创建表
主库先创建一张8万行的大表:
- MySQL [lhrdb1]> DELIMITER $$
- MySQL [lhrdb1]> drop procedure if exists `t_pro`$$
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
-
- MySQL [lhrdb1]> create procedure `t_pro`(num int)
- -> begin
- -> declare i int unsigned default 1;
- -> set i=1;
- -> while i <= num do
- -> insert into `t` (`id`,`name`)
- -> values(i,concat('主键测试',i));
- -> set i=i + 1;
- -> end while;
- -> end$$
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
-
- MySQL [lhrdb1]> DELIMITER ;
- MySQL [lhrdb1]> call `t_pro`(80000);
-
- --- .... 这里插入8万行数据,比较慢
从库查询延迟:
- D:\\Program Files\\MySQL\\mysql-8.0.15-winx64\\bin>mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.1.35 -P3319 -e "show slave status \\G" | grep Seconds_Behind_Master
- mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
- Seconds_Behind_Master: 11
-
- D:\\Program Files\\MySQL\\mysql-8.0.15-winx64\\bin>mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.1.35 -P3319 -e "show slave status \\G"
- mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
- *************************** 1. row ***************************
- Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
- Master_Host: 192.168.68.168
- Master_User: repl
- Master_Port: 3306
- Connect_Retry: 60
- Master_Log_File: mysql8020M1-bin.000007
- Read_Master_Log_Pos: 26029948
- Relay_Log_File: mysql8020S1-relay-bin.000008
- Relay_Log_Pos: 25067097
- Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql8020M1-bin.000007
- Slave_IO_Running: Yes
- Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
- Replicate_Do_DB:
- Replicate_Ignore_DB: information_schema,performance_schema,mysql,sys
- Replicate_Do_Table:
- Replicate_Ignore_Table:
- Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
- Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
- Last_Errno: 0
- Last_Error:
- Skip_Counter: 0
- Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 25066870
- Relay_Log_Space: 26030483
- Until_Condition: None
- Until_Log_File:
- Until_Log_Pos: 0
- Master_SSL_Allowed: No
- Master_SSL_CA_File:
- Master_SSL_CA_Path:
- Master_SSL_Cert:
- Master_SSL_Cipher:
- Master_SSL_Key:
- Seconds_Behind_Master: 12
- Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
- Last_IO_Errno: 0
- Last_IO_Error:
- Last_SQL_Errno: 0
- Last_SQL_Error:
- Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
- Master_Server_Id: 80203318
- Master_UUID: dcccf122-1e40-11eb-8ca0-0242c0a844a8
- Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info
- SQL_Delay: 0
- SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
- Slave_SQL_Running_State: waiting for handler commit
- Master_Retry_Count: 86400
- Master_Bind:
- Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
- Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
- Master_SSL_Crl:
- Master_SSL_Crlpath:
- Retrieved_Gtid_Set: dcccf122-1e40-11eb-8ca0-0242c0a844a8:20-181149
- Executed_Gtid_Set: dcccf122-1e40-11eb-8ca0-0242c0a844a8:1-177960
- Auto_Position: 1
- Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
- Channel_Name:
- Master_TLS_Version:
- Master_public_key_path:
- Get_master_public_key: 0
- Network_Namespace:
-
- D:\\Program Files\\MySQL\\mysql-8.0.15-winx64\\bin>mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.1.35 -P3319 -e "show slave status \\G" | grep Seconds_Behind_Master
- mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
- Seconds_Behind_Master: 19
-
- MySQL [(none)]> select count(*) from lhrdb1.t;
- +----------+
- | count(*) |
- +----------+
- | 41613 |
- +----------+
- 1 row in set (0.01 sec)
-
- MySQL [(none)]> select count(*) from lhrdb1.t;
- +----------+
- | count(*) |
- +----------+
- | 41941 |
- +----------+
- 1 row in set (0.01 sec)
发现,从库延迟越来越高,主要原因是主库正在进行大批量的数据插入操作。
大约5分钟后,主库执行完毕,
- MySQL [lhrdb1]> call `t_pro`(80000);
- Query OK, 1 row affected (5 min 3.37 sec)
-
- MySQL [lhrdb1]> select count(*) from lhrdb1.t;
- +----------+
- | count(*) |
- +----------+
- | 80000 |
- +----------+
- 1 row in set (0.01 sec)
从库查询,数据已同步完成:
- D:\\Program Files\\MySQL\\mysql-8.0.15-winx64\\bin>mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.1.35 -P3319 -e "show slave status \\G" | grep Seconds_Behind_Master
- mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
- Seconds_Behind_Master: 30
-
- D:\\Program Files\\MySQL\\mysql-8.0.15-winx64\\bin>mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.1.35 -P3319 -e "show slave status \\G" | grep Seconds_Behind_Master
- mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
- Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
-
- MySQL [lhrdb1]> select count(*) from lhrdb1.t;
- +----------+
- | count(*) |
- +----------+
- | 80000 |
- +----------+
- 1 row in set (0.01 sec)
3.2 主库做更新操作
- MySQL [lhrdb1]> flush logs;
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
-
- MySQL [lhrdb1]>
- MySQL [lhrdb1]> show master logs;
- +------------------------+-----------+-----------+
- | Log_name | File_size | Encrypted |
- +------------------------+-----------+-----------+
- | mysql8020M1-bin.000001 | 179 | No |
- | mysql8020M1-bin.000002 | 179 | No |
- | mysql8020M1-bin.000003 | 179 | No |
- | mysql8020M1-bin.000004 | 53350509 | No |
- | mysql8020M1-bin.000005 | 1155468 | No |
- | mysql8020M1-bin.000006 | 1345290 | No |
- | mysql8020M1-bin.000007 | 45018719 | No |
- | mysql8020M1-bin.000008 | 196 | No |
- +------------------------+-----------+-----------+
- 8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
-
- MySQL [lhrdb1]> update t set name=concat('主键测试,结果验证',t.id) where id <=60000;
- Query OK, 40000 rows affected (1.88 sec)
- Rows matched: 60000 Changed: 40000 Warnings: 0
可以看出,主库基本在2s就更新完成,变化的行数为4万行。
从库查询延迟,
- D:\\Program Files\\MySQL\\mysql-8.0.15-winx64\\bin>mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.1.35 -P3319 -e "show slave status \\G" | grep Seconds_Behind_Master
- mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
- Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
-
- D:\\Program Files\\MySQL\\mysql-8.0.15-winx64\\bin>mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.1.35 -P3319 -e "show slave status \\G" | grep Seconds_Behind_Master
- mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
- Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
-
- D:\\Program Files\\MySQL\\mysql-8.0.15-winx64\\bin>mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.1.35 -P3319 -e "show slave status \\G" | grep Seconds_Behind_Master
- mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
- Seconds_Behind_Master: 4
-
- D:\\Program Files\\MySQL\\mysql-8.0.15-winx64\\bin>mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.1.35 -P3319 -e "show slave status \\G" | grep Seconds_Behind_Master
- mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
- Seconds_Behind_Master: 5
-
- D:\\Program Files\\MySQL\\mysql-8.0.15-winx64\\bin>mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.1.35 -P3319 -e "show slave status \\G" | grep Seconds_Behind_Master
- mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
- Seconds_Behind_Master: 7
-
- D:\\Program Files\\MySQL\\mysql-8.0.15-winx64\\bin>mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.1.35 -P3319 -e "show slave status \\G" | grep Seconds_Behind_Master
- mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
- Seconds_Behind_Master: 8
-
- D:\\Program Files\\MySQL\\mysql-8.0.15-winx64\\bin>mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.1.35 -P3319 -e "show slave status \\G" | grep Seconds_Behind_Master
- mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
- Seconds_Behind_Master: 10
-
- D:\\Program Files\\MySQL\\mysql-8.0.15-winx64\\bin>mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.1.35 -P3319 -e "show slave status \\G" | grep Seconds_Behind_Master
- mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
- Seconds_Behind_Master: 11
-
- D:\\Program Files\\MySQL\\mysql-8.0.15-winx64\\bin>mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.1.35 -P3319 -e "show slave status \\G" | grep Seconds_Behind_Master
- mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
- Seconds_Behind_Master: 13
-
- D:\\Program Files\\MySQL\\mysql-8.0.15-winx64\\bin>mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.1.35 -P3319 -e "show slave status \\G" | grep Seconds_Behind_Master
- mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
- Seconds_Behind_Master: 14
-
- D:\\Program Files\\MySQL\\mysql-8.0.15-winx64\\bin>mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.1.35 -P3319 -e "show slave status \\G" | grep Seconds_Behind_Master
- mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
- Seconds_Behind_Master: 16
-
- D:\\Program Files\\MySQL\\mysql-8.0.15-winx64\\bin>mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.1.35 -P3319 -e "show slave status \\G" | grep Seconds_Behind_Master
- mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
- Seconds_Behind_Master: 17
-
- D:\\Program Files\\MySQL\\mysql-8.0.15-winx64\\bin>mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.1.35 -P3319 -e "show slave status \\G" | grep Seconds_Behind_Master
- mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
- Seconds_Behind_Master: 18
-
- D:\\Program Files\\MySQL\\mysql-8.0.15-winx64\\bin>mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.1.35 -P3319 -e "show slave status \\G" | grep Seconds_Behind_Master
- mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
- Seconds_Behind_Master: 19
-
- D:\\Program Files\\MySQL\\mysql-8.0.15-winx64\\bin>mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.1.35 -P3319 -e "show slave status \\G" | grep Seconds_Behind_Master
- mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
- Seconds_Behind_Master: 20
-
- D:\\Program Files\\MySQL\\mysql-8.0.15-winx64\\bin>mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.1.35 -P3319 -e "show slave status \\G" | grep Seconds_Behind_Master
- mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
- Seconds_Behind_Master: 21
-
- D:\\Program Files\\MySQL\\mysql-8.0.15-winx64\\bin>mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.1.35 -P3319 -e "show slave status \\G" | grep Seconds_Behind_Master
- mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
- Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
-
- D:\\Program Files\\MySQL\\mysql-8.0.15-winx64\\bin>mysql -uroot -plhr -h192.168.1.35 -P3319 -e "show slave status \\G" | grep Seconds_Behind_Master
- mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
- Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
可以发现,最长延迟21秒左右。
3.3 分析主库的binlog日志
- root@mysql8020M1:/var/lib/mysql# mysqlbinlog mysql8020M1-bin.000008 --base64-output=decode-row -vv | grep UPDATE | wc -l
- 40000
- root@mysql8020M1:/var/lib/mysql# mysqlbinlog mysql8020M1-bin.000008 --base64-output=decode-row -vv | more
- /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/;
- /*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/;
- DELIMITER /*!*/;
- # at 4
- #201112 11:25:24 server id 80203318 end_log_pos 125 CRC32 0x11d2d479 Start: binlog v 4, server v 8.0.20 created 201112 11:25:24
- # Warning: this binlog is either in use or was not closed properly.
- # at 125
- #201112 11:25:24 server id 80203318 end_log_pos 196 CRC32 0x443aeae4 Previous-GTIDs
- # dcccf122-1e40-11eb-8ca0-0242c0a844a8:1-240042
- # at 196
- #201112 11:25:33 server id 80203318 end_log_pos 276 CRC32 0xa8eb8112 GTID last_committed=0 sequence_number=1 rbr_only=yes original_committed_timestamp=1605151535412817 immediate_commit_timestamp=1605151535412817 transaction_length=2451018
- /*!50718 SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED*//*!*/;
- # original_commit_timestamp=1605151535412817 (2020-11-12 11:25:35.412817 CST)
- # immediate_commit_timestamp=1605151535412817 (2020-11-12 11:25:35.412817 CST)
- /*!80001 SET @@session.original_commit_timestamp=1605151535412817*//*!*/;
- /*!80014 SET @@session.original_server_version=80020*//*!*/;
- /*!80014 SET @@session.immediate_server_version=80020*//*!*/;
- SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'dcccf122-1e40-11eb-8ca0-0242c0a844a8:240043'/*!*/;
- # at 276
- #201112 11:25:33 server id 80203318 end_log_pos 362 CRC32 0x0b667ff4 Query thread_id=26 exec_time=0 error_code=0
- SET TIMESTAMP=1605151533/*!*/;
- SET @@session.pseudo_thread_id=26/*!*/;
- SET @@session.foreign_key_checks=1, @@session.sql_auto_is_null=0, @@session.unique_checks=1, @@session.autocommit=1/*!*/;
- SET @@session.sql_mode=1168113696/*!*/;
- SET @@session.auto_increment_increment=1, @@session.auto_increment_offset=1/*!*/;
-
- -- 省略部分 ..................
- #201112 11:25:33 server id 80203318 end_log_pos 2446999 CRC32 0x6e0e09e8 Update_rows: table id 105
- # at 2446999
- #201112 11:25:33 server id 80203318 end_log_pos 2451183 CRC32 0x30bfc23e Update_rows: table id 105 flags: STMT_END_F
- ### UPDATE `lhrdb1`.`t`
- ### WHERE
- ### @1=20001 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
- ### @2='主键测试20001' /* VARSTRING(80) meta=80 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
- ### SET
- ### @1=20001 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
- ### @2='主键测试,结果验证20001' /* VARSTRING(80) meta=80 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
- ### UPDATE `lhrdb1`.`t`
- ### WHERE
- ### @1=20002 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
- ### @2='主键测试20002' /* VARSTRING(80) meta=80 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
- ### SET
- ### @1=20002 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
- ### @2='主键测试,结果验证20002' /* VARSTRING(80) meta=80 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
-
- -- 省略部分 ..................
-
- root@mysql8020M1:/var/lib/mysql# mysqlbinlog mysql8020M1-bin.000008 --base64-output=decode-row -vv | tail -n 20
- ### @1=59999 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
- ### @2='主键测试59999' /* VARSTRING(80) meta=80 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
- ### SET
- ### @1=59999 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
- ### @2='主键测试,结果验证59999' /* VARSTRING(80) meta=80 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
- ### UPDATE `lhrdb1`.`t`
- ### WHERE
- ### @1=60000 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
- ### @2='主键测试60000' /* VARSTRING(80) meta=80 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
- ### SET
- ### @1=60000 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
- ### @2='主键测试,结果验证60000' /* VARSTRING(80) meta=80 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
- # at 2451183
- #201112 11:25:33 server id 80203318 end_log_pos 2451214 CRC32 0x3d5db696 Xid = 720239
- COMMIT/*!*/;
- SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'AUTOMATIC' /* added by mysqlbinlog */ /*!*/;
- DELIMITER ;
- # End of log file
- /*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/;
- /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/;
可以看出,在ROW模式下,在主库上执行了一条UPDATE语句,更新了4万行记录,但是在binlog中,记录了4万行的UPDATE语句。
3.4 分析从库的中继日志
- root@mysql8020S1:/var/lib/mysql# mysqlbinlog mysql8020S1-relay-bin.000010 --base64-output=decode-row -vv | grep UPDATE | wc -l
- 40000
可以看出,在从库上也是4万行的UPDATE语句,也是一条一条的进行更新。由于没有主键和索引,所以,就会导致在从库进行4万次的全表扫描,这样也就拖慢了从库APPLY的效率。
四、结论
在MySQL的主从复制架构中,若存在大表,那么一定要有主键或唯一索引,否则将导致很大的主从延迟。